After the arrival of the Spanish conquerors to Mexico, the Catholic Church sent missionaries to the New Spain. There was founded a church, which the King Carlos V would turn in cathedral for decree. When Mexico City became a capital city of the New Spain, the importance of this new diocese rose together with the importance of the new capital of the Spanish empire in America, status that it preserves to the present day.

Raised canonically by the Bulla Sacri Apostolatus Ministerio of the Pope Clemente VII  on September 2, 1530, and raised up to Archdiocese on February 12, 1546; her first Bishop and Archbishop was the Franciscan Friar Juan de Zumárraga.


Bishops
There have been 34 archbishops of Mexico, seven of them carried at the same time the Viceroy of the New Spain`s post, combining this way the principal charges of the Kingdom; in the 19th century, the archbishop Labastida was regent during Maximiliano of Habsburgo`s empire, being the last one that had political power.
From the Archbishop Miguel Darío Miranda (1956-1977), the Primate Archbishops of Mexico have been cardinals. The current Primate Archbishop of Mexico is the Cardinal Norberto Rivera Carrera.

Territory
The limits of the Diocese of Mexico were not initially well definite. When Cuba was discovered, three sees were raised, but when the prelates arrived their episcopal sees had been destroyed and the inhabitants had fled. To avoid such problems, the Holy See allowed to the kings of Spain to establish the limits of the new dioceses that were raised in the American continent still considered part of Asia. From 1500 until 1863, the Archdiocese of Mexico was spreading from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, specifically from Tampico to Acapulco. Nowadays it covers only the Mexico City’s territory.

Main Temples
The Metropolitan Cathedral of Mexico City is the principal temple of the Primate Archdiocese  of Mexico.
The Metropolitan Cathedral of Mexico City is dedicated to “La Asunción de María” and within her territory is located the principal basilica of the country, Guadalupe's Basilica, where the Holiest Virgin of Guadalupe appeared to Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin on1531 is venerated.

Vicariates
The Archdiocese is divided in eight territorial vicariates (pastoral zones) :
· The First Vicariate, Santa María de Guadalupe.
· The Second Vicariate, Cristo Rey.
· Third Vicariate, San Felipe de Jesus.
· Fourth Vicariate, San Miguel Arcangel .
·  Fifth Vicariate, San Pedro Apostol.
· Sixth Vicariate, San Jose.
· The Seventh Vicariate, San Pablo Apostol.
· Eighth Vicariate, San Juan Bautista.

Education
 Inside The territory of the Archdiocese there are numerous schools of catholic inspiration, the majority of which are administered by religious Orders and about fifteen universities and catholic institutions of upper education that offer careers in all the areas of speciality, including  the Universidad Pontificia de Mexico.

For the preparation of her priests, the Primate Archdiocese of Mexico count with seminars:

· Conciliar Seminary of Mexico
Supreme Seminary " House Tlalpan "
Junior Seminary " House Huipulco "

 · Hispanic Seminary “Santa Maria de Guadalupe”
 · Guadalupe's Seminary
 · Missionary Seminar y"Redemptoris Mater"
 · The Catholic University Lumen Gentium 

In addition there exist several seminaries of religious orders.

Archbishops:
1. Friar Juan de Zumárraga (June 8, 1547 - June 3, 1548)
2. Friar Alonso de Montúfar (October 5, 1551 - March 7, 1572)
3. Pedro Moya de Contreras (June 17, 1573 - January 14, 1591)
4. Alonso Fernandez de Bonilla (May 22, 1592 - 1596)
5. Friar García of Santa Maria Mendoza (December 6, 1601 - October 5, 1606)
6. Friar García Guerra (December 3, 1607 - February 22, 1612)
7. Juan Perez de la Serna (May 13, 1613 - June 19, 1627)
8. Francisco Manso y Zúñiga (August 19, 1627 - July 20, 1634)   
9. Feliciano de la Vega (September 13, 1638 - February 11, 1641)
10. Juan de Mañozca y Zamora (November 16, 1643 - December 12, 1650)
11. Marcelo Lopez de Azcona (April 29, 1652 - November 10, 1654)
12. Mateo Zaga de Bugueiro (May 14, 1655 - January 28, 1664)
13. Alonso de Cuevas Dávalos (April 28, 1664 - September 2, 1665)
14. Friar Marcos Ramirez de Prado (December 15, 1666 - May 11, 1667)
15. Friar Payo Enríquez de Rivera (September 17, 1668 - June 18, 1681) 
16.Francisco de Aguiar y Seijas (April 20,1682 – August 14,1698)
17. Juan de Ortega y Montañés (June 21, 1700 – Decembre 16,1708)
18. Jose Lanciego y Eguilaz (March 21,1714 – January 25, 1728)
19. Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta (June 24, 1730 – January 25,1747)
20. Manuel Rubio y Salinas (January 29, 1748 – June3 , 1765)
21. Francisco Antonio de Lorenzana y Butrón (April 14, 1766 – January 27, 1772)
22. Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta (March 30, 1772 – May 26, 1800)
23. Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont (May 24, 1802 – January 1, 1815)
24. Pedro Jose de Fonte y Hernández (September 4, 1815 – December 18, 1837)
25. Manuel Posada y Garduño (December 23, 1839 – April 30, 1846)
26. Lázaro de la Garza y Ballesteros (September 30, 1850 – March 11, 1862)
27. Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos (March 19, 1863 – February 4, 1891)
28. Próspero María Alarcón y Sánchez de la Barquera (December 16, 1891 – March 29, 1908)
29. José Mora y del Río (December 2, 1908 – April 22, 1928)
30. Pascual Díaz Barreto, S.J. (June 25, 1929 – May 29, 1936)
31. Luis María Martínez Rodríguez (February 20 1937 – February 9, 1956)
32. Miguel Darío Miranda Gómez (May 28, 1956 – July 19, 1977)
33. Ernesto Corripio Ahumada (July 19, 1977 – September 29, 1994)
34. Norberto Rivera Carrera (June 26, 1995 - ...)